This should include examinations by a health care professional, as well as self-examinations. Learn more about melanoma screening. People need different amounts of time in the sun based on their skin color, location, and other factors to produce enough vitamin D. People with limited sun exposure should talk with their doctor about how to include good sources of vitamin D in their diet, including whether they should use supplements.
Your levels of vitamin D can be checked through a simple blood test. The next section in this guide is Screening. It describes the early warning signs of melanoma and how to perform a self-examination. Use the menu to choose a different section to read in this guide. Prevention Different factors cause different types of cancer.
Sun damage builds up over time, so it is important to take the following steps to reduce sun exposure and avoid sunburn: Limit or avoid direct exposure to the sun between AM and PM.
Avoid recreational outdoor sunbathing. Do not use sun lamps, tanning beds, or tanning salons. Learn more about protecting your skin from the sun. Types of Cancer. Melanoma Guide. Net Guide Melanoma.
Medical Illustrations. Risk Factors and Prevention. Symptoms and Signs. Types of Treatment. Skin cancer can take many forms, but the three most common are: Basal cell carcinoma — Beginning in the basal cells in the outer layer of skin, basal cell carcinomas may appear as a pearly or waxy bump, as well as a flat, flesh-colored or brown scar-like lesion.
Squamous cell carcinoma — Also in the outer layer of skin, this type of skin cancer forms in squamous cells. Signs often are a firm, red nodule or a flat lesion with a scaly, crusty surface. Symptoms of melanoma include a large brown spot with darker speckles; a mole that changes in color, size or feel, or that bleeds; a small lesion with an abnormal border, and sections that appear red, white, blue or bluish-black; and dark lesions on your palms, soles, fingertips or toes, or on mucous membranes lining your nose, mouth, vagina or anus.
What can I do to prevent skin cancer? Leading medical experts, including Mayo Clinic, recommend these five steps for preventing skin cancer: 1. Avoid the sun between 10 a. Wear sunscreen — at least SPF 15 — throughout the entire year.
Wear protective clothing. Hats with wide brims and clothing that covers your arms and legs are helpful. If you find a new, unusual, or changing mole, you should have it checked by a doctor experienced in recognizing skin cancers.
Having a weakened immune system increases your risk of getting melanoma and other types of skin cancer. Avoiding known risk factors for HIV infection, such as intravenous IV drug use and having unprotected sex with many partners, might lower your risk of skin cancer and many other types of cancer.
Some people need to take medicines to suppress their immune system. This includes people who have had organ transplants and some people with autoimmune diseases. People with cancer also sometimes need to take medicines such as chemotherapy that can lower their immune function. It's likely that a combination of factors, including environmental and genetic factors, causes melanoma.
Still, doctors believe exposure to ultraviolet UV radiation from the sun and from tanning lamps and beds is the leading cause of melanoma.
UV light doesn't cause all melanomas, especially those that occur in places on your body that don't receive exposure to sunlight. This indicates that other factors may contribute to your risk of melanoma. Avoid the sun during the middle of the day.
For many people in North America, the sun's rays are strongest between about 10 a. Schedule outdoor activities for other times of the day, even in winter or when the sky is cloudy. You absorb UV radiation year-round, and clouds offer little protection from damaging rays. Avoiding the sun at its strongest helps you avoid the sunburns and suntans that cause skin damage and increase your risk of developing skin cancer. Sun exposure accumulated over time also may cause skin cancer.
Wear protective clothing. Cover your skin with dark, tightly woven clothing that covers your arms and legs, and a broad-brimmed hat, which provides more protection than does a baseball cap or visor. Some companies also sell protective clothing. A dermatologist can recommend an appropriate brand.
Don't forget sunglasses. Become familiar with your skin so that you'll notice changes. Examine your skin often for new skin growths or changes in existing moles, freckles, bumps and birthmarks. With the help of mirrors, check your face, neck, ears and scalp. Examine your chest and trunk and the tops and undersides of your arms and hands. Examine both the front and back of your legs and your feet, including the soles and the spaces between your toes.
Also check your genital area and between your buttocks. Melanoma care at Mayo Clinic.
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