Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Oral thrush Open pop-up dialog box Close. Oral thrush Oral thrush produces slightly raised, creamy white, sore patches in your mouth or on your tongue.
Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed May 23, Kauffman CA. Overview of candida infections. Accessed May 24, Clinical manifestations of oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis.
Treatment of oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis. Oral candidiasis yeast infection. American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Onishi A, et al. In severe cases that are left untreated, there is also a risk of the infection spreading further into your body, which can be serious. Your GP will usually be able to diagnose oral thrush simply by examining your mouth.
Sometimes they may also recommend blood tests to look for certain conditions associated with oral thrush, such as diabetes and nutritional deficiencies. Low numbers of the fungus Candida are naturally found in the mouth and digestive system of most people.
They don't usually cause any problems, but can lead to oral thrush if they multiply. Babies, young children and elderly people are at a particularly high risk of developing oral thrush, as are people with certain underlying conditions, including diabetes, an iron deficiency or vitamin B12 deficiency , an underactive thyroid hypothyroidism and HIV.
As most people already have Candida fungi living in their mouth, oral thrush is not contagious. This means it cannot be passed to others. Oral thrush can usually be successfully treated with antifungal medicines. These usually come in the form of gels or liquid that you apply directly inside your mouth topical medication , although tablets or capsules are sometimes used. Topical medication will usually need to be used several times a day for around 7 to 14 days.
Tablet or capsules are usually taken once daily. These medications don't often have side effects, although some can cause nausea feeling sick , vomiting, bloating, abdominal tummy pain and diarrhoea.
It is most commonly caused by the fungus Candida albicans , but may also be caused by Candida glabrata or Candida tropicalis. For the majority of individuals, oral thrush does not cause any serious problems.
However, this is not the case for people with a weakened immune system, whose signs and symptoms may be much more severe. The outcome for oral thrush is generally very good. Most people respond well to treatment. However, oral thrush tends to reappear, especially if the causal factor smoking, for instance is not removed.
In this article, we will cover all aspects of oral thrush, including the causes, symptoms, and treatment. Doctors will usually prescribe anti-thrush drugs , such as nystatin or miconazole in the form of drops, gel, or lozenges.
Alternatively, the patient may be prescribed a topical oral suspension which is washed around the mouth and then swallowed. Oral or intravenously administered antifungals may be the choice for patients with weakened immune systems. If treatment is not working, amphotericin B may be used; however, this will only be used as a last resort due to the negative side effects which include fever , nausea, and vomiting.
Oral thrush in adults generally appears as thick, white or cream-colored deposits spots on the mucous membrane of the mouth wet parts of the inside of the mouth. The mucosa mucous membrane may appear swollen and slightly red. The spots may be raised. There may be discomfort or a burning sensation. The white spots may join together to form larger ones, also known as plaques; these may then take on a grayish or yellowish color.
Individuals who wear dentures may have areas that are constantly red and swollen under a denture. Poor oral hygiene, or not taking the dentures out before going to sleep may increase the risk.
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