For a person to receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia, at least one of their symptoms must be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech. The symptoms must also interfere with their work life, school life, social life, or self-care abilities.
Schizophrenia is extremely rare in children, affecting around 0. People may refer to this as childhood-onset schizophrenia or early onset schizophrenia. Mental health professionals use the same criteria to diagnose schizophrenia in both adults and children. Learn more about schizophrenia in childhood here. Schizophrenia is the most well-known condition of its type, but there are a range of conditions that involve psychosis and other schizophrenia-like symptoms.
The DSM-5 lists schizophrenia alongside a number of other conditions, called schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. The symptoms of schizophrenia may overlap with those of bipolar disorder , which is a condition that causes changes in mood, energy, activity, and behavior. Learn more about the symptoms of schizophrenia versus those of bipolar disorder here. The DSM-IV classified the following types of schizophrenia as separate conditions, but experts no longer recognize them as diagnostic categories since the publication of the DSM-V in Paranoid schizophrenia was characterized by being preoccupied with one or more delusions or having frequent auditory hallucinations.
It did not involve disorganized speech, catatonic behavior, or a lack of emotion. Delusions and hallucinations are still elements of a schizophrenia diagnosis, but experts no longer consider it as a distinct subtype.
Disorganized schizophrenia was characterized by disorganized behavior and nonsensical speech. Another prominent feature was flat or inappropriate affect.
Disorganized speech and thought are still elements of a schizophrenia diagnosis, but experts no longer consider this as a distinct subtype. Catatonic schizophrenia was characterized by catatonia. This causes a person to experience either excessive movement, called catatonic excitement, or decreased movement, known as a catatonic stupor.
Catatonia can occur with schizophrenia and a range of other conditions, including bipolar disorder. Catatonia can be its own disorder, but people with catatonic schizophrenia often have negative symptoms of schizophrenia and are not very responsive. They may not react to stimuli, stay in strange body positions, make odd movements, or even have rigid limbs that will stay in the position that they are moved to.
Hebephrenic schizophrenia is also called disorganized schizophrenia because these people usually have disorganized speech and behavior. They may also have inappropriate emotional responses or lack of any emotional response. Residual schizophrenia is used when people have a past history of positive schizophrenia symptoms but now only have lingering negative symptoms or none at all. These lingering symptoms may include poor attention, some mental disorganization, and emotional withdrawal.
Undifferentiated schizophrenia is the classification given to people who may not fit into any of these other classifications of schizophrenia because they are showing symptoms for more than one kind. These people may exhibit both positive and negative symptoms. While there are different types of schizophrenia, these disorders fall on a spectrum and should be treated as such.
Schizophrenia treatment will differ not only based on the type of schizophrenia, but also on the individual. Typically, treatment will include a combination of medicine and psychotherapy. When this becomes their norm, they may develop a substance abuse disorder and a dual diagnosis treatment is often required to treat both problems. Instead of letting your mental health or the mental health of your loved one continue to cause more problems, get help now.
At Banyan Mental Health, we help people learn how to manage their symptoms so that they can move forward with their lives. Understanding information about subtypes and schizophrenia in general can also help you in managing your condition. With an accurate diagnosis, a specialized treatment plan can be created and implemented by your healthcare team. In addition to traditional treatment methods, there are other options that may be effective in treating schizophrenia.
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Medically reviewed by Timothy J. Legg, Ph. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness that affects: emotions the ability to think rationally and clearly the ability to interact with and relate to others According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness NAMI , schizophrenia affects approximately 1 percent of Americans.
Current DSM-5 status. Subtypes of schizophrenia. Childhood schizophrenia. Conditions related to schizophrenia. The takeaway. Read this next.
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